Bridges, routers, gateways, hubs, switches

Bridges, routers, gateways, hubs, switches

Hubs and switches are real hardware devices. Others do not specifically refer to certain types of hardware. They may be dedicated hardware, or they may be functions implemented by computers. Network bridges are special.
You must have seen a dude hub, there are in Internet cafes, and it is the one with many network cables plugged into it. The switch looks similar to him, and its functions are similar. It is the central node of the network connection. The difference between them is that the hub is shared bandwidth, that is, the sum of the traffic of all ports of 10Mhub is 10M, that is, everyone distributes 10M bandwidth on average, and the switches are different. Each port of the 10M switch has 10M and does not interfere with each other. When the hub is communicating, the data of one port is sent to all other ports. Among them, the destination port receives and processes the data. Unlike the switch, it will remember the current status information of all connected ports to ensure that the data is only sent to the destination port. Therefore, the hub is easy to monitor, and the switch requires special configuration to monitor.
You can think of it as a bridge in a network, connecting two networks. Its main function is to bridge another network at the edge of a network (data transmission has a distance limitation).
Routing can be said to be a concept. It refers to the path from one address to another. The router helps you find this path. It can be a dedicated routing device, such as a router (cisco is very good), or It is realized by computer + software.
The gateway is also a concept. You can think of it as the door of the exit of your network. The communication office of the local area network is now inside your network; to other networks, it passes through this door, which is the gateway. The gateway usually has at least two addresses, one belonging to your network and one belonging to the external network.

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